Additional Resources, most of them discovered after completion of the first draft:

Dream Anatomy - A National Library Of Medicine exhibition.

Zymoglyphic Museum, with scans from Opera Omnia.

Ruysch's Page at Who Named It.

A stiffer and less troubled encounter with The Czar can be found here.


I first learned about Ruysch in 1996, while reading Suspended Animation: Six Essays on the Preservation of Bodily Parts, a great collection of essays by Gonzalez-Crussi with beautiful photographs by Rosamond Purcell. This book would become one of four indispensable sources: Mother and Child Were Saved: The Memoirs (1693-1740) of Frisian Midwife Catharina Schrader;
Dialogo di Federico Ruysch e delle sue morti, by Leopardi; The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age, by Simon Schama; and, of course, Frederik Ruysch's own Opera omnia anatomico-medico-chirurgica (Amsterdam: Janssonio-Waesbergios, 1696-1724), which I consulted at the Getty Institute for more than a year.

I also made extensive use of Julie Hansen's Resurrecting Death: Anatomical Art in The Cabinet of Dr. Frederik Ruysch. (12/01/1996; The Art Bulletin)

Very gentle whenever I felt clueless and unable to carry on were:

Finders, Keepers: Eight Collectors
by Stephen J. Gould (Editor), Rosamond Wolff Purcell (Photographer)

Special Cases: Natural Anomalies and Historical Monsters
by Rosamond Wolff Purcell

The Origins of Museums The Cabinet of Curiosities in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Europe
by Oliver Impey

Peter the Great: His Life and World
by Robert K. Massie

The Body Emblazoned: Dissection and the Human Body in Renaissance Culture
by Jonathan Sawday

The Quick and the Dead: Artists and Anatomy
by Deanna Petherbridge (Editor), L. J. Jordanova (Editor), Hayward Gallery ,South Bank Centre ,Royal College of Art Great Britain, Mead Gallery, Leeds City Art Gallery England

Many others I lost track of but I remember vaguely, including:

Adam Thorpe - Ulverton
Richardson - Death, Dissection and the Destitute.
Barbara Jones - Design for Death
Shryock - Development Of Modern Science, 1936
Peter Burke - Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe, 1978
Acker Knecht - Short history of Medicine, 1982
Lucinda Beier - Sufferers and Healers
Dean Towler - Midwives in History
Forbes - The Midwive and The Witch

Haphazardly, a copy of The Astonishing Hypothesis,
by Francis Crick, remained on my desk for months and finally found its way into the script – a couple of Ruysch's lines are stolen outright from Crick, who probably won't mind.

Stoppard and Hampton often came to the rescue.

Here's a random but relevant bookshelf.